Types of Rocks

Review Of Buddhism Movies - 1167 Words

Buddhism In Movies Movies today don’t show a lot of religion elements they are mostly focused on action, sex, romance, or adventurous. Before movies would talk about religions and how they work and also have a story to them. One movie in particular does a great job in portraying Buddhism. This movie is Little Buddha. This movie is both great for teaching and entertainment. Little Buddha doesn’t just entertain but also uplifts people’s spirits and leaves them with positive feelings. The movies does a good job in expressing the religion, it is not related to me because of the different beliefs, but it’s more related to Hindu people, the movie does have a message for the viewers, and it does have a purpose. A little bit about the movie:†¦show more content†¦There was nothing in the movie that made the religion bad or not good in any way. The music in the movie also played a role, it gave it the positivity. The movie doesn’t relate to me because I am Christian. My beliefs are different. As an example, I think there is a God. It also challenges my religion beliefs. The movie and the religion say that there is no God to believe in a person is just trying to reach the inner-self and find Nirvana. In my religion I believe there is a god who I worship. Since I was a little kid I was taught there is a God in school also in the house by reading the Holy Bible. Also Buddhism in movie they say that Atman or soul in not a thing or that it doesn’t exist. In my religion I believe that everyone has a soul. Another thing the movie shows is reincarnation. Buddhists believe that after dying they are born again in another body with the same thoughts that they had in the past life. An example of that would be, when Lama Norbu tells Jesse’s father whose name is Dean about how the contents of mind are that same when a person is reborn. My beliefs are different. When I die I believe tha t my soul is going to another place which is either Heaven or Hell. I don’t believe that I would be born or at least that’s what my faith tells me. This Movie would relate to someone whose religion is Hinduism. That’s mainly because a lot of things are related to it such asShow MoreRelatedHollywood Writers And Directors Do Not Have Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsibility to avoid stereotyping ethnic characters A successful movie is decided by gross revenue of the movie. Most writers and directors base on the world s histories, the reality society, and the favorite people s style to make their successful movies. Indeed, the writers are responsible for writing the script. Once they have handed over the script that is pretty much the end of their creative involvement with the movie. The directors control film s artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizesRead MoreThe Life Of Hayao Miyazaki1707 Words   |  7 PagesMiyazaki (the director) and the strong themes in his movies. 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Last Sacrifice Chapter Nine Free Essays

string(152) " how far we were from civilization–and based on how dark it was away from the fire–I was willing to bet they didn’t have electricity\." FORTUNATELY, THEY WERE MOROI FACES. That didn’t stop me from raising my stake and moving closer to Sydney. No one was attacking us, so I held my position–not that it probably mattered. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Sacrifice Chapter Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now As I took in more and more of the setting, I saw that we were completely surrounded by about ten people. We’d told Sydney we were good, and it was true: Dimitri and I could probably take out a group like this, though the poor fighting quarters would make it difficult. I also realized the group wasn’t entirely Moroi. The ones closest to us were, but around them were dhampirs. And the light I’d thought had come from torches or flashlights was actually coming from a ball of flame held in one of the Moroi’s hands. One Moroi man stepped forward, about Abe’s age, with a bushy brown beard and a silver stake in his hand. Some part of me noted the stake was crudely made compared to mine, but the point held the same threat. The man’s gaze passed over me and Dimitri, and the stake lowered. Sydney became the object of the guy’s scrutiny, and he suddenly reached out for her. Dimitri and I moved to stop him, but other hands reached out to stop us. I could have fought them but froze when Sydney let out a strangled, â€Å"Wait.’ The bearded Moroi gripped her chin and turned her head so that the light fell on her cheek, lighting up the golden tattoo. He released his hold and stepped back. â€Å"Lily-girl,’ he grunted. The others relaxed very slightly, though they kept their stakes poised and still looked ready to attack if provoked. The Moroi leader turned his attention from Sydney to Dimitri and me. â€Å"You’re here to join us?’ he asked warily. â€Å"We need shelter,’ said Sydney, lightly touching her throat. â€Å"They’re being chased by–by the Tainted.’ The woman holding the flame looked skeptical. â€Å"More like spies for the Tainted.’ â€Å"The Tainted Queen is dead,’ said Sydney. She nodded toward me. â€Å"They think she did it.’ The inquisitive part of me started to speak but promptly shut up, wise enough to know this bizarre turn of events was best left in Sydney’s hands. I didn’t understand what she was saying. When she’d said Tainted were pursuing us, I thought she was trying to make this group think we had Strigoi after us. Now, after she’d mentioned the queen, I wasn’t so sure. I also wasn’t so sure identifying me as a potential murderer was that smart. For all I knew, Brown Beard would turn me in and try to score a reward. From the looks of his clothes, he could have used one. To my surprise, this brought a smile to his face. â€Å"And so, another usurper passes on. Is there a new one yet?’ â€Å"No,’ said Sydney. â€Å"They’ll have elections soon and choose.’ The group’s smiles were replaced by looks of disdain and disapproving mutters about elections. I couldn’t help myself. â€Å"How else would they choose a new king or queen?’ â€Å"In the true way,’ said a nearby dhampir. â€Å"The way it used to be, long ago. In a battle to the death.’ I waited for the punch line, but the guy was clearly serious. I wanted to ask Sydney what she’d gotten us into, but by this point, we’d apparently passed inspection. Their leader turned and began walking down the path. The group followed, moving us along as they did. Listening to their conversation, I couldn’t help a small frown–and not just because our lives might be on the line. I was intrigued by their accents. The motel’s desk clerk had had a thick southern accent, exactly like you’d expect in this part of the country. These guys, while sounding similar, had a few other pronunciations mixed in. It almost reminded me a little of Dimitri’s accent. I was so tense and anxious that I could hardly focus on how long we walked. Eventually, the path led us to what seemed like a well-hidden campground. A huge bonfire blazed in a clearing with people sitting around. Yet, there were structures scattered off to one side, stretching into the woods along the now widened path. It wasn’t quite a road yet, but it gave the illusion of a town, or at least a village. The buildings were small and shabby but appeared permanent. On the other side of the fire, the land rose sharply into the Appalachians, blocking out the stars. In the flickering light, I could see a mountain’s face that was textured with rough stone and scattered trees, dotted here and there with dark holes. My attention moved back to the living. The crowd gathered around the fire–a couple dozen or so–fell silent as our escort led us in. At first, all I saw were numbers. That was the warrior in me, counting opponents and planning for attack. Then, just like I had earlier, I truly took in the faces. More Moroi mixed with dhampirs. And–I was shocked to discover–humans. These weren’t feeders either. Well, not in the sense that I knew feeders. Even in the dark, I could see glimpses of bite marks along some of the humans’ necks, but judging by their curious expressions, I could tell these people didn’t give blood regularly. They weren’t high. They were mixed in among the Moroi and dhampirs, sitting, standing, talking, engaging–the whole group clearly unified in some kind of community. I wondered if these humans were like the Alchemists. Maybe they had some sort of a business relationship with my kind. The tight formation around us began to spread out, and I moved closer to Sydney. â€Å"What in God’s name is all this?’ â€Å"The Keepers,’ she said in a low voice. â€Å"Keepers? What does that mean?’ â€Å"It means,’ said the bearded Moroi, â€Å"that unlike your people, we still keep the old ways, the way we truly should.’ I eyed these â€Å"Keepers’ in their worn clothes and the dirty, barefoot children. Reflecting upon how far we were from civilization–and based on how dark it was away from the fire–I was willing to bet they didn’t have electricity. You read "Last Sacrifice Chapter Nine" in category "Essay examples" I was on the verge of saying that I didn’t think this was how anyone should truly be living. Then, remembering the casual way these people had spoken about fights to the death, I decided to keep my views to myself. â€Å"Why are they here, Raymond?’ asked a woman sitting by the fire. She was human but spoke to the bearded Moroi in a perfectly ordinary and familiar way. It wasn’t the dreamy manner a feeder usually used with a Moroi. It wasn’t even like the stilted conversations my kind had with the Alchemists. â€Å"Are they joining us?’ Raymond shook his head. â€Å"No. The Tainted are after them for killing their queen.’ Sydney elbowed me before I could deny the claim. I clenched my teeth, waiting to be mobbed. Instead, I was surprised to find the crowd looking at me with a mix of awe and admiration, just as our welcoming party had. â€Å"We’re giving them refuge,’ explained Raymond. He beamed at us, though I didn’t know if his approval came from us being murderers or if he simply liked the attention he was getting. â€Å"Although, you are welcome to join us and live here. We have room in the caves.’ Caves? I jerked my head toward the cliffs beyond the fire, realizing now what those black holes were. Even as I watched, a few people retiring for the night crawled off and disappeared into the dark depths of the mountain. Sydney answered while I worked to keep a look of horror off my face. â€Å"We only need to stay here †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ She faltered, not surprising considering how sketchy our plans had become. â€Å"A couple days, probably.’ â€Å"You can stay with my family,’ said Raymond. â€Å"Even you.’ That was directed toward Sydney, and he made it sound like quite the favor. â€Å"Thank you,’ she said. â€Å"We’d be grateful to spend the night at your house.’ The emphasis on the last word was for me, I realized. The wooden structures along the dusty path didn’t look luxurious by any stretch of the imagination, but I’d take one over a cave any day. The village or commune or whatever was getting increasingly excited as our novelty sank in. They bombarded us with a flurry of questions, starting with ordinary things like our names but moving quickly on to specific details about how exactly I’d killed Tatiana. I was saved from having to answer when the human woman who had spoken to Raymond earlier jumped up and steered my threesome away. â€Å"Enough,’ she said, chastising the others. â€Å"It’s getting late, and I’m sure our guests are hungry.’ I was starving, actually, but didn’t know if I was in dire enough straits to eat opossum stew or whatever passed as food around here. The woman’s proclamation was met with some disappointment, but she assured the others they could talk to us tomorrow. Glancing around, I saw a faint purpling of what must have been the eastern sky. Sunrise. A group of Moroi clinging to â€Å"traditional’ ways would most certainly run on a nocturnal schedule, meaning these people probably only had a few more hours before bedtime. The woman said her name was Sarah and led us down the dusty path. Raymond called that he’d see us soon. As we walked, we saw other people wandering near scattered, ramshackle homes, on their way to bed or possibly woken up with all the commotion. Sarah glanced over at Sydney. â€Å"Did you bring us anything?’ â€Å"No,’ said Sydney. â€Å"I’m just here to escort them.’ Sarah looked disappointed but nodded. â€Å"An important task.’ Sydney frowned and appeared even more uneasy. â€Å"How long has it been since my people brought you anything?’ â€Å"A few months,’ said Sarah after a moment’s thought. Sydney’s expression darkened at this, but she said no more. Sarah finally took us inside one of the larger and nicer looking of the houses, though it was still plain and made of unpainted wooden boards. The inside was pitch black, and we waited as Sarah lit old-fashioned lanterns. I’d been right. No electricity. This suddenly made me wonder about plumbing. The floors were hardwood like the walls and covered in large, brightly patterned rugs. We appeared to be in some hybrid kitchen-living-dining room. There was a large fireplace in the center, a wooden table and chairs on one side, and large cushions on the other that I presumed served as sofas. Racks of drying herbs hung near the fireplace, filling the room with a spicy scent that mingled with the smell of burnt wood. There were three doors in the back wall, and Sarah nodded to one. â€Å"You can sleep in the girls’ room,’ she said. â€Å"Thanks,’ I said, not sure I really wanted to see what our guest accommodations were like. I was already missing the MOTEL. I studied Sarah curiously. She looked to be about Raymond’s age and wore a plain, knee-length blue dress. Her blond hair was pulled back and tied at her neck, and she seemed short to me the way all humans did. â€Å"Are you Raymond’s housekeeper?’ It was the only role I could deduce for her. She had a few bite marks but obviously wasn’t a feeder. At least not a full-time one. Maybe around here, feeders doubled as household help. She smiled. â€Å"I’m his wife.’ It was a mark of my self-control that I managed any sort of response. â€Å"Oh.’ Sydney’s sharp eyes fell on me, a warning in them: Let it go. I again clenched my jaw shut and gave her a brief nod to let her know I understood. Except, I didn’t understand. Dhampirs and Moroi hooked up all the time. Dhampirs had to. More permanent liaisons were scandalous–but not completely out of the realm of possibility. But Moroi and humans? That was beyond comprehension. Those races hadn’t gotten together in centuries. They’d produced dhampirs long ago, but as the modern world progressed, Moroi had completely withdrawn from intermingling (in an intimate way) with humans. We lived among them, sure. Moroi and dhampirs worked alongside humans out in the world, bought houses in their neighborhoods, and apparently had bizarre arrangements with secret societies like the Alchemists. And, of course, Moroi fed from humans–and that was the thing. If you kept a human close to you, it was because they were a feeder. That was your level of intimacy. Feeders were food, pure and simple. Well-treated food, yes, but not food you became friends with. A Moroi having sex with a dhampir? Racy. A Moroi having sex with a dhampir and drinking blood? Dirty and humiliating. A Moroi having sex with a human–with or without blood drinking? Incomprehensible. There were few things that shocked me or gave me offense. I was pretty liberal in my views when it came to romance, but the idea of human and Moroi marriage blew me away. It didn’t matter if the human was a type of feeder–as Sarah appeared to be–or someone â€Å"above’ that like Sydney. Humans and Moroi didn’t get together. It was primitive and wrong, which was why it was no longer done. Well, at least not where I came from. Unlike your people, we still follow the old ways. The funny thing was that no matter how wrong I thought all this was, Sydney had to feel even more strongly about it with her vampire hang-ups. I supposed she’d been prepared, however, which is why she could manage that cool expression of hers. She hadn’t been blindsided like Dimitri and me, because I felt with some certainty that he shared my feelings. He was just better at hiding surprise. A commotion at the door startled me out of my shock. Raymond had arrived and wasn’t alone. A dhampir boy of about eight or so sat on his shoulders, and a Moroi girl about the same age scurried alongside them. A pretty Moroi woman who looked to be in her twenties followed, and behind her was a cute dhampir guy who couldn’t have been more than a couple years older than me, if not exactly my age. Introductions followed. The children were Phil and Molly, and the Moroi woman was named Paulette. They all appeared to live there, but I couldn’t exactly figure out the relationships, except for the guy my age. He was Raymond and Sarah’s son, Joshua. He had a ready smile for all of us–especially me and Sydney–and eyes that reminded me of the piercing, crystalline blue of the Ozeras. Only, whereas Christian’s family tended to have dark hair, Joshua’s was a sandy blond with lighter gold highlights. I had to admit, it was an attractive combination, but that stunned part of my brain reminded me again that he’d been born from a human-Moroi hookup, not a dhampir and Moroi like me. The end product was the same, but the means were bizarre. â€Å"I’m putting them in your room,’ Sarah told Paulette. â€Å"The rest of you can share the loft.’ It took me a moment to realize â€Å"the rest of you’ meant Paulette, Joshua, Molly, and Phil. Glancing up, I saw there was indeed what looked like a loft space covering half the house’s width. It didn’t look big enough for four people. â€Å"We don’t want to inconvenience you,’ said Dimitri, sharing my thoughts. He’d been silent for almost all of this wood-land adventure, saving his energy for actions, not words. â€Å"We’ll be fine out here.’ â€Å"Don’t worry about it,’ said Joshua, again giving me that pretty smile. â€Å"We don’t mind. Angeline won’t either.’ â€Å"Who?’ I asked. â€Å"My sister.’ I repressed a grimace. Five of them crammed up there so that we could have a room. â€Å"Thank you,’ said Sydney. â€Å"We appreciate it. And we really won’t be staying long.’ Their dislike of the vampire world aside, Alchemists could be polite and charming when they chose. â€Å"Too bad,’ said Joshua. â€Å"Stop flirting, Josh,’ said Sarah. â€Å"Do you three want something to eat before bed? I could warm up some stew. We had it earlier with some of Paulette’s bread.’ At the word stew, all my opossum fears came racing back. â€Å"No need,’ I said hastily. â€Å"I’d just be fine with bread.’ â€Å"Me too,’ said Dimitri. I wondered if he was trying to reduce their work or if he shared my food fears. Probably not the latter. Dimitri seemed like the kind of guy you could throw into the wilderness and he would survive off anything. Paulette had apparently baked a lot of bread, and they let us have a picnic in our small little room with a full loaf and a bowl of butter that Sarah had probably churned herself. The room was about the size of my dorm room at St. Vladimir’s, with two down stuffed mattresses on the floor. Quilts neatly covered them, quilts that probably hadn’t been used in months with these temperatures. Munching on a piece of bread that was surprisingly good, I ran my hand over one of the quilts. â€Å"It reminds me of some of the designs I saw in Russia,’ I said. Dimitri studied the pattern too. â€Å"Similar. But not quite the same.’ â€Å"It’s the evolution of the culture,’ said Sydney. She was tired but not enough to abandon textbook mode. â€Å"Traditional Russian patterns brought over and eventually fused with a typical Americana patchwork quilt form.’ Whoa. â€Å"Um, good to know.’ The family had left us alone while they got ready for bed, and I eyed our cracked door warily. With the noise and activity out there, it seemed unlikely we’d be overheard, but I lowered my voice anyway. â€Å"Are you ready to explain who the hell these people are?’ She shrugged. â€Å"The Keepers.’ â€Å"Yeah, I got that. And we’re the Tainted. Sounds like a better name for Strigoi.’ â€Å"No.’ Sydney leaned back against the wooden wall. â€Å"Strigoi are the Lost. You’re Tainted because you joined the modern world and left behind their backward ways for your own messed up customs.’ â€Å"Hey,’ I retorted. â€Å"We’re not the ones with overalls and banjos.’ â€Å"Rose,’ chastised Dimitri, with a pointed look at the door. â€Å"Be careful. And besides, we only saw one person in overalls.’ â€Å"If it makes you feel better,’ said Sydney, â€Å"I think your ways are better. Seeing humans mixing with all this †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The pleasant and professional face she had shown to the Keepers was gone. Her blunt nature was back. â€Å"It’s disgusting. No offense.’ â€Å"None taken,’ I said with a shiver. â€Å"Trust me, I feel the same way. I can’t believe †¦ I can’t believe they live like that.’ She nodded, seeming grateful I shared her view. â€Å"I like you guys sticking with your own kind better. Except †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ â€Å"Except what?’ I prodded. She looked sheepish. â€Å"Even if the people you come from don’t marry humans, you do still interact with them and live in their cities. These guys don’t.’ â€Å"Which Alchemists prefer,’ guessed Dimitri. â€Å"You don’t approve of this group’s customs, but you do like having them conveniently stashed out of mainstream society.’ Sydney nodded. â€Å"The more vampires who stay off on their own in the woods, the better–even if their lifestyle is crazy. These guys keep to themselves–and keep others out.’ â€Å"Through hostile means?’ I asked. We’d been met by a war party, and she’d expected it. All of them had been ready to fight: Moroi, dhampir, and human. â€Å"Hopefully not too hostile,’ she said evasively. â€Å"They let you through,’ said Dimitri. â€Å"They know the Alchemists. Why did Sarah ask about you bringing them things?’ â€Å"Because that’s what we do,’ she said. â€Å"Every so often for groups like these, we drop off supplies–food for everyone, medicine for the humans.’ Again, I heard that derision in her voice, but then she turned uneasy. â€Å"The thing is, if Sarah’s right, they could be due for an Alchemist visit. That would just be our luck to be here when that happens.’ I was going to reassure her that we only needed to lie low a couple days when an earlier phrase tugged at me. â€Å"Wait. You said â€Å"groups like these.’ How many of these commune things are out there?’ I turned to Dimitri. â€Å"This isn’t like the Alchemists, is it? Something only some of you know about that you’re keeping from the rest of us?’ He shook his head. â€Å"I’m as astonished by all of this as you are.’ â€Å"Some of your leaders probably know about the Keepers in a vague way,’ said Sydney. â€Å"But no details. No locations. These guys hide themselves pretty well and can move on a moment’s notice. They stay away from your people. They don’t like your people.’ I sighed. â€Å"Which is why they won’t turn us in. And why they’re so excited I might have killed Tatiana. Thanks for that, by the way.’ Sydney wasn’t apologetic in the least. â€Å"It gets us protection. Such as it is.’ She stifled a yawn. â€Å"But for now? I’m exhausted. I’m not going to be able to follow anyone’s crazy plans–yours or Abe’s–if I don’t get some sleep.’ I’d known she was tired, but only now did the extent of it hit me. Sydney wasn’t like us. We needed sleep but had the endurance to put it off if needed. She’d been up all night and forced into some situations that were definitely outside of her comfort zone. She looked like she could fall asleep against the wall then and there. I turned to Dimitri. He was already looking at me. â€Å"Shifts?’ I asked. I knew neither one of us would allow our group to stay unguarded in this place, even if we were allegedly queen-killing heroes. He nodded. â€Å"You go first, and I’ll–‘ The door was flung open, and both Dimitri and I nearly leapt up to attack. A dhampir girl stood there, glaring at all of us. She was a couple years younger than me, about the age of my friend Jill Mastrano, a student back at St. Vladimir’s who wanted to be a Moroi fighter. This girl looked like she did too, just by her stance alone. She possessed the strong, lean build most dhampirs had, her whole body braced like it might tackle any one of us. Her hair was stick-straight to her waist, a dark auburn that had picked up gold and copper highlights from the sun. She had the same blue eyes as Joshua. â€Å"So,’ she said. â€Å"You’re the big heroes taking my room.’ â€Å"Angeline?’ I guessed, remembering Joshua mentioning his sister. She narrowed her eyes, not liking that I knew who she was. â€Å"Yes.’ She studied me unflinchingly and didn’t seem to approve of what she found. That sharp gaze flicked to Dimitri next. I expected a softening, expected her to fall prey to his good looks the way most women did. But, no. He received suspicion as well. Her attention turned back to me. â€Å"I don’t believe it,’ she declared. â€Å"You’re too soft. Too prim.’ Prim? Really? I didn’t feel that way, not in my battle-scarred jeans and T-shirt. Looking at her attire, I could maybe understand the attitude, though. Her clothes were clean, but her jeans had been around a while, both knees worn to threads. The shirt was a plain, off-white tank top that had a homemade feel. I didn’t know if it had originally been white. Maybe I was prim by comparison. Of course, if anyone deserved the title of prim, it would be Sydney. Her clothes would’ve passed at a business meeting, and she hadn’t been in any fights or jail-breaks recently. Angeline hadn’t even given her a second glance, though. I was getting the feeling Alchemists were in a strange category around here, a different type of human from the ones who intermarried with the Keepers. Alchemists brought supplies and left. They were almost a type of feeder to these people, really, which boggled the mind. The Keepers had more respect for the types of humans my culture l ooked down on. Regardless, I didn’t know what to say to Angeline. I didn’t like being called soft or having my battle prowess called into question. A spark of my temper flared, but I refused to cause trouble by getting in a fight with our host’s daughter, nor was I going to start making up details about Tatiana’s murder. I simply shrugged. â€Å"Looks are deceiving,’ I said. â€Å"Yes,’ Angeline said coolly. â€Å"They are.’ She stalked over to a small chest in the corner and pulled out what looked like a nightgown. â€Å"You better not mess up my bed,’ she warned me. She glanced over at Sydney, sitting on the other mattress. â€Å"I don’t care what you do to Paulette’s.’ â€Å"Is Paulette your sister?’ I asked, still trying to put this family together. There didn’t seem to be anything I could say that wouldn’t offend this girl. â€Å"Of course not,’ Angeline snapped, slamming the door as she left. I stared at it in astonishment. Sydney yawned and stretched out on her bed. â€Å"Paulette is probably Raymond’s †¦ eh, I don’t know. Mistress. Concubine.’ â€Å"What?’ I exclaimed. A Moroi married to a human and having an affair with a Moroi. I wasn’t sure how much more I could take. â€Å"Living with his family?’ â€Å"Don’t ask me to explain it. I don’t want to know any more about your twisted ways than I have to.’ â€Å"It’s not my way,’ I retorted. Sarah came shortly thereafter to apologize for Angeline and see if we needed anything else. We assured her we were fine and thanked her profusely for her hospitality. Once she was gone, Dimitri and I set up sleeping shifts. I would have rather we both stayed on alert, particularly since I felt pretty sure Angeline would slit someone’s throat in their sleep. But, we needed rest and knew we’d both react promptly if anyone came busting down our door. So, I let Dimitri take the first watch while I snuggled into Angeline’s bed and tried not to â€Å"mess it up.’ It was surprisingly comfortable. Or, maybe I was just that tired. I was able to let go of my worries about execution, lost siblings, and vampire hillbillies. Deep sleep wrapped around me, and I began to dream †¦ but not just any dream. It was a shifting of my inner world, the sense of being both in and out of reality. I was being pulled into a spirit-induced dream. Adrian! The thought excited me. I’d missed him and was eager to talk to someone directly after all that had happened at Court. There hadn’t been much time to talk during my escape, and after this bizarre backwoods world I’d stumbled into, I really needed some piece of normality and civilization around me. The dream’s world began to form around me, growing clearer and clearer. It was a location I’d never seen, a formal parlor with chairs and couches covered in lavender paisley cushions. Oil paintings lined the walls, and there was a large harp in the corner. I’d learned long ago that there was no predicting where Adrian would send me–or what he’d make me wear. Fortunately, I was in jeans and a T-shirt, my blue nazar hanging around my neck. I turned around anxiously, looking for him so that I could give him a giant hug. Yet, as my eyes searched the room, it wasn’t Adrian’s face I suddenly found myself looking into. It was Robert Doru’s. And Victor Dashkov was with him. How to cite Last Sacrifice Chapter Nine, Essay examples

TPN Hypokalemia Essay Example For Students

TPN Hypokalemia Essay Alys Latimer, Layla Mohamed, and Sandra Zhengwhat IS tpn?Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN):Infusion of intravenous nutrition (macro- and micro- nutrients)Those with contraindications to oral dietary approachSpecialized mixtures of amino acids, dextrose, lipid emulsions, electrolytes, vitamins and mineralsInfused centrally into internal jugular or subclavian veinsINDICATIONS: comatose, inadequate GI function, completebowel rest, and paediatric disordersADVERSE COMPLICATIONS: infections, post-op wound complications, immune compromise, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, GI bleeding, etc. (Arya et al., 2013)What is hypokalemia?Hypokalemia:Normal Findings: 3.5 5.0 mEq/LCritical Values: 2.5 mEq/LPotassium (K+), important part of protein synthesis and maintenance of normal oncotic pressure and cellular electrical neutrality(Pagana Pagana, 2013)Signs and Symptoms of HypokalemiaTypically not present until Potassium levels are less than 3.0 mEq/LSigns and symptoms of hypokalemia are typically related to cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle weaknessCARDIOVASCULAR: flattened T-wave and prominent U-wave, ST segment depression, conduction abnormalities, dysrhythmias, worsening hypertension, sudden deathKIDNEY: polyuria, hypokalemic nephropathy, increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and chloride-depletion metabolic alkalosisCNS/NEUROMUSCULOSKELETAL: fatigue, malaise, hyporeflexia, weakness, cramps, paralysis, myalgia, and rhabdomyolysisGI TRACT: Constipation, vomiting, prolonged gastric emptying, paralytic ileus, anorexia, worsening hepatic encephalopathyGU TRACT: hypotonic bladd erPULMONARY: respiratory acidosis, respiratory failure ENDOCRINE: insulin resistance and impairment in insulin release(Asmar et al., 2012; Elgart, 2004; Pagana Pagana, 2013)How to treat hypokalemia?Treatment Options:GOAL: identifying definitive cause of hypokalemia, prevent the development of life-threatening consequences, and correct any potassium deficit which avoiding hyperkalemiaMILD MODERATE HYPOKALEMIA (3.0 3.5 MEQ/L):Treat underlying disorder if possibleTreat with 60 80 mEq/d of KCl via PO in divided doses Reassess serum potassium concentration after replacement therapy and adjust accordinglySEVERE HYPOKALEMIA ( 3.0 MEQ/L):Preferred: 40 mEq/d of KCl via PO q3-4h TIDReassess serum potassium concentration after replacement therapy and adjust accordinglyIf necessary: 10 20 mEq/h of KCl via IV (in setting of cardiac arrhythmias, recent or ongoing cadiac ischemia, and digitalis toxicityContinuous cardiac monitoring is mandatory Reassess serum potassium concentration q2-4h (ensure that serum potassium concentration is 3.5 mEq/L)(Asmar et al., 2012)Thank you References:Asmar, A., Mohandas, R., Wingo, C.S. (2012). A physiologic-based approach to the treatment of apatient with hypokalemia. American Journal of Kidney Diseases: The Official Journal of the NationalKidney Foundation, 60(3), 492 497. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.01.031Arya, I. N., Shah, B., Arya, S., Dronavalli, S., Karthikenyan, N. (2013). A review of literature on modernparenteral nutrition. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2(4), 801 806.doi: 10.5455/jimsph.2013.030920131Elgart, H. N. (2004). Assessment of fluids and electrolytes. AACN Clinical Issues, 15(4). 607-621.Retrieved from: https://learn.humber.ca/bbcswebdav/pid-4534008-dt-content-rid24071933_1/courses/1528.201750/Assessment%20of%20Fluids%20and.pdfPagana, K. D., Pagana, T. J. (2013). Mosbys Canadian manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests (FirstCanadian ed.). Toronto, ON: Elsevier Canada

TPN Hypokalemia Essay Example For Students

TPN Hypokalemia Essay Alys Latimer, Layla Mohamed, and Sandra Zhengwhat IS tpn?Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN):Infusion of intravenous nutrition (macro- and micro- nutrients)Those with contraindications to oral dietary approachSpecialized mixtures of amino acids, dextrose, lipid emulsions, electrolytes, vitamins and mineralsInfused centrally into internal jugular or subclavian veinsINDICATIONS: comatose, inadequate GI function, completebowel rest, and paediatric disordersADVERSE COMPLICATIONS: infections, post-op wound complications, immune compromise, fluid/electrolyte imbalance, GI bleeding, etc. (Arya et al., 2013)What is hypokalemia?Hypokalemia:Normal Findings: 3.5 5.0 mEq/LCritical Values: 2.5 mEq/LPotassium (K+), important part of protein synthesis and maintenance of normal oncotic pressure and cellular electrical neutrality(Pagana Pagana, 2013)Signs and Symptoms of HypokalemiaTypically not present until Potassium levels are less than 3.0 mEq/LSigns and symptoms of hypokalemia are typically related to cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle weaknessCARDIOVASCULAR: flattened T-wave and prominent U-wave, ST segment depression, conduction abnormalities, dysrhythmias, worsening hypertension, sudden deathKIDNEY: polyuria, hypokalemic nephropathy, increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and chloride-depletion metabolic alkalosisCNS/NEUROMUSCULOSKELETAL: fatigue, malaise, hyporeflexia, weakness, cramps, paralysis, myalgia, and rhabdomyolysisGI TRACT: Constipation, vomiting, prolonged gastric emptying, paralytic ileus, anorexia, worsening hepatic encephalopathyGU TRACT: hypotonic bladd erPULMONARY: respiratory acidosis, respiratory failure ENDOCRINE: insulin resistance and impairment in insulin release(Asmar et al., 2012; Elgart, 2004; Pagana Pagana, 2013)How to treat hypokalemia?Treatment Options:GOAL: identifying definitive cause of hypokalemia, prevent the development of life-threatening consequences, and correct any potassium deficit which avoiding hyperkalemiaMILD MODERATE HYPOKALEMIA (3.0 3.5 MEQ/L):Treat underlying disorder if possibleTreat with 60 80 mEq/d of KCl via PO in divided doses Reassess serum potassium concentration after replacement therapy and adjust accordinglySEVERE HYPOKALEMIA ( 3.0 MEQ/L):Preferred: 40 mEq/d of KCl via PO q3-4h TIDReassess serum potassium concentration after replacement therapy and adjust accordinglyIf necessary: 10 20 mEq/h of KCl via IV (in setting of cardiac arrhythmias, recent or ongoing cadiac ischemia, and digitalis toxicityContinuous cardiac monitoring is mandatory Reassess serum potassium concentration q2-4h (ensure that serum potassium concentration is 3.5 mEq/L)(Asmar et al., 2012)Thank you References:Asmar, A., Mohandas, R., Wingo, C.S. (2012). A physiologic-based approach to the treatment of apatient with hypokalemia. American Journal of Kidney Diseases: The Official Journal of the NationalKidney Foundation, 60(3), 492 497. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.01.031Arya, I. N., Shah, B., Arya, S., Dronavalli, S., Karthikenyan, N. (2013). A review of literature on modernparenteral nutrition. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2(4), 801 806.doi: 10.5455/jimsph.2013.030920131Elgart, H. N. (2004). Assessment of fluids and electrolytes. AACN Clinical Issues, 15(4). 607-621.Retrieved from: https://learn.humber.ca/bbcswebdav/pid-4534008-dt-content-rid24071933_1/courses/1528.201750/Assessment%20of%20Fluids%20and.pdfPagana, K. D., Pagana, T. J. (2013). Mosbys Canadian manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests (FirstCanadian ed.). Toronto, ON: Elsevier Canada

Healthcare Reform vs. socialized medicine Essay Example

Healthcare Reform vs. socialized medicine Paper I am interested in the concept of health care reform because it has been a major issue in many states within the United States. I have personal experience with the expense of health insurance and have seen the consequences of people being force to live without health insurance. I understand that most of the world ahs socialized medicine and that the United States has some forms of socialized medicine. Therefore, I wonder if it would be easier to switch to an overall form of socialized medicine or if it would be easier to put in place other reforms. We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Reform vs. socialized medicine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Reform vs. socialized medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare Reform vs. socialized medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Significance: Changes in the American healthcare system will be significant for everyone in the country. Regardless of your current health, it is important for people to know if they have healthcare available to them and if so, how much it will cost. In previous generations, most people ahd health care provided by their employers, but this does not appear to be likely in the future. https://healtheappointments.com/social-problems-in-morocco-essays/ In addition, if enacted socialized medicine will have a dramatic influence on the American economy and tax structure. Essay Plan: Working thesis: Based on current healthcare issues, it is likely that the American government will switch to a form of socialized medicine rather than try to reform the existing system. 1. Socialized medicine is already in place in the Untied States in some forms. Medicare for the elderly and Medicaid for the poor are single-payor health care systems in which the government pays for health care. -Onservatins regarding number of people in the U.S already on socialized healthcare. _Evidence of the trend of some states to move to socialized medicine at the state level. _Examples from California and Illinois regarding statewide programs for socialized healthcare for children. 2. Socialized medicine is that standard worldwide and the United States is being unfairly compared to other countries worldwide. _Examples of World Health Organization standards that the Untied States is failing to meet. _Quantifiable health standards in the United States which need improvement. _Discuss the concept that health care is only available to the rich. _Discuss charge that American system allows the wealthy to live longer, healthier lives and punishes the poor. 3. The solutions that healthcare industry professionals are suggesting fall short of the overall need and desire of the American public. -Discuss proposals from healthcare industry for reform. _Explain how prospective changes would improve the healthcare system. _Compare proposed solutions to the existing problems and evaluate whether they would address the needs of the country. Outline Health Care Reform vs. Socialized Medicine THESIS: The United States is more likely to move towards socialized medicine than to reform the current health care industry. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Current Industry A.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medicare B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medicaid C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Private Insurance II.  Ã‚   Socialized medicine worldwide A.  Ã‚  Ã‚   World Health Organization standards B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International Health Issues III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Proposed Solutions A.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industry reform 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lower malpractice costs 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lower education costs 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lower insurance costs B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Socialized medicine Additional references: American Medical Student Association paper on socialized healthcare: http://www.amsa.org/uhc/ The Case for a Single Payor System: http://cthealth.server101.com/the_case_for_universal_health_care_in_the_united_states.htm

Summary Essays

Summary Essays Summary Essay Summary Essay Summary â€Å"How to Say Nothing in Five Hundred Words† by Paul Roberts Srudents face different issues related to the matter of writing successful college essays. According to the author of â€Å" How to Say Nothing in Five Hundred Words,† these issues are focused on the way students approach and make a subject interesting. Many subjects that students have to write about do not have enough information to develop the essays and make them absorbing for the reader. Also, the author explains that students write essays using obvious content to support their ideas which many others students have already used. As a result, the essays cannot be original and leave the readers or professors thirsty for more. Avoiding these trite points and coming out with new ideas can help the writer improve and engage his or her audience. Another important way to generate better papers is by taking the less common side in a subject that students need to write about. Students sometime select the easier topic over the harder ones, however, the hardest topic can provide more interesting material to be developed. It becomes easier to clarify different points of view if it hasn’t been done as frequently by other students and authors. Students should try developing their arguments without worrying about the beliefs and opinions of the instructor. Nonetheless, the arguments should still be in the educational context educational and respectful. Essays have to convince the instructor. However, students put all of their attention on the broad and inefficient essence of the subjects they write about. Students have to go from a general statement to more particular matter of the writing. Trying to avoid abstract concepts that don’t say anything concrete is recommended. An idea needs to be followed with relevant examples. Padding can destroy any good piece of writing, so it has to be used in the right way in order to contribute real content. Otherwise, students should get rid of the padding. Those who want to use padding need to do a first draft and then find the details that connect ideas and make the writing stronger. The idea is to illustrate the topic with meaningful content. To be remarkable in a way that causes a strong impact on the reader is to call things by their names. Students have to have clear in their mind on what they want to say and how they will say it with determination and conviction. Writing is an emotional tool whose principal function is to show the author’s emotion. Good writers avoid using pat expressions which are associated with and appeal to common knowledge. Phrases such as â€Å"the pure and simple truth†, â€Å" stand up and be counted†, â€Å"told him time and time again†, and so forth do not contribute to essays. There is a risk that the reader does not know the meaning of such phrases causing a misunderstanding. Using the right or colorful words is another way to create a successful essay because these words can produce clear images or feeling to the reader. The problem is that colorful words are correlated to the frame time of the piece, so some words that used to work have changed over time. Students should be aware that some readers would have trouble associating these words to a mental picture and therefore have trouble connecting to the writing. In addition to colorful words, there are colored words which readers interpret to have either good or bad meanings. Depending on the context, the colored words are words that readers see and associate to their own contexts. For example, the use of words like â€Å"mother† or â€Å"mother-in-law† is totally distinctive. While the word â€Å"mother† is associated for most people with home, safety, and food, the word â€Å"mother-in- law† generates in the reader negative associations even if it is used in a good context. Finally, the most current issue that students have is with descriptive and meaningful vocabulary words. They write with â€Å"colorless† words which are words used in casual conversation. These colorless words do not fulfill the reader, and he or she is left feeling unsatisfied about the piece of writing.

State Farm Insurance Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

State Farm Insurance Agency - Essay Example Training is a variable cost for the company. Variable costs of course are costs that can vary, or can be changed with changes in the external environment that is faced by the business. For example, at State Farm, the price of ingredients for a training seminar would be a variable, because the external market, however much State Farm is going to try to control the means of production and supply chain, is still going to show fluctuations in the price of raw materials used to make the training materials. And if there is a pandemic scare US, for example, the demand for insurance is going to go up regardless of whether the market shares are owned by State Farm or not, just because of general conditions of scarcity in the external business environment. Another variable cost for State Farm is how much it pays employees. For example, even though the insurance giant is very rich and powerful, it doesn’t have control over the external factors of inflation and federally mandated wages an d benefits, so these costs vary flexibly. Fixed costs are a different matter, because they are less a reflection of external variance and flexibility and more a reflection of the costs of investment goods that are used by State Farm. These investments are representative of a commitment made by the organization to long term growth over time using these goods, in a commitment that can be profitable for the company in response to how much it can use the investment goods to produce the product that it is selling. An example of a fixed cost for State Farm would be its maintenance of a marketing infrastructure. In terms of performance, it is assumed in the current report that in terms of relationships between job satisfaction and performance, employees who are trained improperly at State Farm will treat clients differently in a state of burnout and they will have a reduced sense of accomplishment. This may affect the success of the

Find two articles that are influential in the field of Organizational Essay - 1

Find two articles that are influential in the field of Organizational Development - Essay Example In this aspect, our major goal is to expand into the regional market. A major threat to our business has been the influx of cheap imports and the rise of competitors. Brainstorming has helped in achieving a technique in problem solving and team building since it creates new ideas, solves problems, motivates, and develops teams (Bushe & Marshak, 2009). The article provides readers with information pertaining to internal practices that ensure the success of an organization. An alternative method is the nominal group technique that encourages contributions from everyone. This ensures participation of all the group members, especially of people who think best in silence and for some members who are, thanks to this technique, more vocal and are not overshadowed by others (Nguyen, 2007). Motivating the employees is a good leadership practice. Motivation involves implementing an innovative reward system directly with the workforce. Development programs assist an organization in bringing up a clear understanding of the growth of an organization. Leaders are always under a lot of pressure to guide and direct their subjects or employees to achieve the set goals. For effectiveness in leadership, leaders have to adopt strategic leadership. Strategic leaders are leaders who are proficient in motivating and persuading people to acquire the vis ion of that company or institution. Strategic leadership is about managing the employees by using strategies of management in order to achieve set goals. Apart from expressing a strategic vision, strategic leaders should also be able to create an organizational structure for the business, which is an extremely crucial part in strategic leadership (Nguyen, 2007). The first article was ranked due to its provision on SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis effectively analyses the strengths, the values and the policies that endear the

Language Learning Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Language Learning Autobiography - Essay Example On reflection, I realize that my first strategy was to imitate. Although I did not completely understand the teacher’s instructions, I was able to follow by imitating and taking the lead from peers. The English teacher would usually teach a new language point and then start with class choral work before moving on to a small group, pair work and then individual responses. This allowed me the opportunity to imitate the other students and thus not only improve my language knowledge but to improve my pronunciation. My experience, therefore, provides evidence to Skinner, who states that imitation through repetition is important in the early stages of acquiring a first language and learning a second language. I learnt and acquired English not only by study but by social interaction with teachers and peers (both local and ESL students) which necessitated me to pull on or extract the language I already knew and manipulate it for the situation at hand; in other words it provided me the opportunity of having to use English for communicative purposes rather than for classroom intent. Different cultures and curriculum proved difficult for me at first but I was able to catch up with other studies because my ESL teachers and other proficient English speaking peers helped me to adapt to the new curriculum. The school also provided similar conditions for me to work with more proficient peers in the classroom and I know that this interaction helped me in first learning and then acquiring my second language. Vygotsky (1978) (cited in Coelho, 2004) states that when a child is acquiring their first language they learn best by interacting with peers that are at a higher level in language development than themselves they will learn better. He calls this the child’s proximal development zone, which is defined as the level just beyond where the child is at. I now know that a similar process is evident in acquiring a second

Dental Prosthetic for a 5 Year Old Child

Dental Prosthetic for a 5 Year Old Child

Proso Millet as an Alternative Crop Essay -- Agriculture Farming Envir

Proso Millet as an Alternative Crop Proso millet, Panicurn miliaceum (L.), is a warm season grass that is capable of producing seeds within a short growing season of 60 to 100 days (Boland, 2003). Proso millet possesses many unique characteristics that make it a promising alternative cash crop for the Great Plains region of United States. There is much potential for beneficial results if proso millet is further integrated into the cropping scheme of the Great Plains. Reasons for looking further into proso millet include benefits in crop rotation with wheat, and its characteristic ability to be used to produce ethanol, as well as other products. Proso millet commonly grows up to four feet tall, and the seeds are small round seeds about two millimeters in diameter (Proso Millet, 1996). Other common names for proso millet include millet, yellow millet and yellow hog. (Baltensperger) Proso millet traces its origins back to ancient times when it was grown as a cereal grain. Proso millet has been grown in many areas of the world, including Russia, China, Romania, Afghanistan, Turkey, and India (Baltensperger). In many of these countries, proso millet is produced as a human food source (Boland, 2003). Currently, proso millet is produced in the United States primarily for birdseed and livestock feed (Boland, 2003). In the United States, proso millet is also used in some products made for human consumption. The majority of proso millet grown in the United States has white or yellow seeds, however, some red seeded proso millet is also grown (Boland, 2003). Proso millet is mainly utilized as a crop placed in millet/wheat/fallow rotations. One reason for placing proso millet in a crop rotation is that it i... ... and marketing proso millet in the high plains. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension EC 95-137-C, Retrieved Nov 06, 2005, from http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/fieldcrops/ec137.pdf. Proso millet. (1996). Retrieved Nov. 06, 2005, from Proso Millet Web site: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/Crops/Proso_millet.html. Acreage. (2005). Retrieved Nov. 06, 2005, from USDA Acreage Report Web site: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/field/pcp-bba/acrg0605.txt. Boland, M. (2003). Proso millet. Retrieved Nov. 06, 2005, from Proso Millet Web site: http://test.agmrc.org/agmrc/commodity/grainsoilseeds/prosomillet. Blumenthal, J. M., & Baltensperger, D. D. (). Fertilizing proso millet. Nebraska Cooperative Extension G89-924-A (Revised December 2002), Retrieved Nov 06, 2005, from http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/fieldcrops/g924.htm

Foreign affair essay

It shouldn't matter if those people live across the globe. As long as they are human, they should be treated with respect because everyone is created with equal amount of rights and no one can take them away. If we don't made any decision to end this type of camp in North Korea, there will be more people that will be torture and slaughter. Conservatives said that we should stay away from foreign affair due to the fact that we have our own problems. So we need to mind our own business before sticking our nose into other country. They want to let foreign country to solve their own problems.For example, we have our own people that are struggling financially like people living on the street and people that are jobless. They argues that these funds that goes into helping other country comes from American citizens, so logically it should be used for American citizens and not other country. It's like if Andy gives Jon a piece of candy, shouldn't Jon gives Andy something back in the future? They also suggest that since we are already in a huge debt, so why bother to increase it even more? Also what if all other countries are getting aired of waiting for their money and on top of that they see us giving money away.Of course they will get even more mad thinking that we are pushing their limits. While it's needlessly to say that all of those arguments aren't true, I want to point out a couple of things. First, even though we have our own problems we needs to solve, the fact remains that nothing can be ever done in a day. What mean by that is that America already is trying to help the homeless people. There are churches and charity organizations that help homeless people. The government also has programs that help out poor people. For example, food drives, food stamp, and homeless assistance program.Plus some of these people are just lazy; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimates that 25 % of homeless people are drug abuser, they need to realize they have choice in American, they can choose to get a job(SHAMS Survey). Also, this issue can be compared to bullying. Bullying is currently a major issue. We have campaigns around the nation that are trying to stop bullying with the reason being that the victims can't solve it by themselves. These campaign aims for everyone to participate to stopping lulling. And if anyone knows what somebody is getting bully then we needs to step in and help the victim.With that being said, if we stay with the thinking of â€Å"mind out own business† or â€Å"let them solve it on their self†, we are being a huge hypocrite because even though we are not related to those foreign country, we still share one similarity. That similarity is that there is human living inside of all those country and we are all created equal. So it's very self- explanatory if we see one of us struggling then we should help out one another. And it's not like country like North Korea can solve it them self ei ther, the whole country is brainwashed into thinking that Kim Gong UN is the greatest.So why would anyone dare to stand up against their own role model. Second is that the opposite view also argue that the funding that goes into aiding another country comes from American citizens, so therefore it needs to be use on American citizens. While that seems very logical, they didn't use our constitution to the fullest. If that's is the case then why don't we let American citizens decide whether or not if they want their tax money goes onto foreign affair. So before We do anything with their tax We ask them to vote on whether or not if they want to put their money down.One of the long standing issues we have in America is debt. The conservative believes that we might increase our debt by intervening with other country. But if we don't, then communism country like North Korea might spread even more. And we already dislike communism to the fullest already, so don't feel like we should just st and and watch. What if communism spread throughout the world and we are the only democracy county. Then eventually we will fall to communism as well. So if we do participate in foreign affair, we can help them build up a better government and establish more foreign trade.Therefore, instead of looking it as dumping money away, we should see this as an opportunity as an investment. It might even improve the trade market and reduce our debts. My view on this topic should be very clear by now, but I want to talk about the real reasons I support protecting human rights in North Korea. Perhaps people don't know about the situation in North Korea, that's why am here to explain what really goes down in the harsh prison camps in North Korea. First of all, some of the prisoners that are in the camp don't even belong in there.They are sentence there because they are related to the political enemies of North Korea. By doing this, North Korea aims to get rid of everybody that doesn't agree with their government Doesn't this sound familiar? The Answer is yes. This is exact same principle, Hitler and his Nazi group followed, that â€Å"killed over 6 million of Jews in the holocaust. â€Å"(Rosenberg). This principle is not only illogical, but also heartbreaking. Innocent people including children are being punished without committing a crime but because of the communism's leader hatred beliefs.According to my experience, every time when we mention the Holocaust in history class it will always brings a gloomy feeling to the room whether you are Jews or not. And if was to ask anyone if they had the power to get rid of the Holocaust, they all would want to. Then I can't understand why anyone wouldn't want to stop this type of madness. It's the same thing but a different country. The other thing is that those prisoners re tortured, killed, and treated like animals. People's finger is chop off with the reason being accidentally dropped something.Kids are hit with a club until t hey are unconscious or dead if they didn't obey the rules. The prison guard would treat woman like they are animals, forcing them to do things that are explicit and shameful. â€Å"Many prisoners are beaten to dead and executed for stress relief. â€Å"(Adams). All these things lower their morality and turn those people into a beast with no sense of humanity. I have made my point to argue that America should step in and help a brother out. At the end of that day, we are all human, living on the same planet, eat the same food, and share a same goal.In Conclusion, America should participate in foreign affair to stop human right abuses. I understand that by doing this, we will lose resources and receive criticisms. Of course, everything comes with a price. But I strongly believe that the gain will over weigh the loss. I believe that it bring peace and prosperity to the world. This is a step ladder to world peace, even though it seen impossible to achieve, hopefully someday we will al l comes to realization hat life is short and we need to make better use of our life.

Grow Purple Chrome Alum Crystals - Simulated Amethyst

Grow Purple Chrome Alum Crystals - Simulated Amethyst Learn how to grow deep purple or lavender cubic crystals of potassium chromium sulfate dodecahydrate. In addition, you can grow clear crystals around the purple crystals, yielding a sparkling crystal with a purple core. The same technique can be applied to other crystal systems. What You Need: potassium chromium sulfate  (chromium alum)alumwaterclear glass jarstringcoffee filter or paper towelpencil, knife, or stick (to suspend string)spoon or stirring rod Time Required: days to months depending on the  desired size. Here's How: The growing solution will consist of a chromium alum solution mixed with an ordinary alum solution. Make a chromium alum solution by mixing 60 g of potassium chromium sulfate in 100 ml water (or 600 g chromium alum per liter of water).In a separate container, prepare a saturated solution of ordinary alum by stirring alum into warm water until it will no longer dissolve.Mix the two solutions in any proportion that you like. The more deeply colored solutions will produce darker crystals, but it will also be harder to monitor crystal growth.Grow a seed crystal using this solution, then tie it to a string and suspend the crystal in the remaining mixture.Loosely cover the container with a coffee filter or paper towel. At room temperature (~25 °C), the crystal can be grown via slow evaporation for as little time as a few days or as long as a few months.To grow a clear crystal over a colored core of this or any other colored alum, simply remove the crystal from the growing solution, allow it to dry, and then re-immerse it in a saturated solution of ordinary alum. Continue growth for as long as desired. Tips: A saturated solution of pure chrome alum will grow darker crystals, but the solution will be too dark to see through. Feel free to increase the concentration of chrome alum, but be aware that the solution becomes deeply colored.Notice that the chrome alum solution is a dark blue-green, but the crystals are purple!

Malcom X autobiography essays

Malcom X autobiography essays A belief that some races are by nature superior to others. This is the horrible definition of racism. People all over America are against racism and are every day, millions of Americans try to stop it. Even though the United States have programs such as affirmative action, we could never be diverse with races from around the world and at the same time, united fully as one. Why? Why does it have to be this way? There are many reasons trying to explain why there is racism in the world. Religion and certain world leaders are some beliefs. I have a belief myself. I believe that people in crowds lack knowledge. This is very important to remember, one good example is Hitler. One man told a crowd of people, to kill millions of other people. Wanting to be diverse and united is kind of like saying if you want peace, you must first prepare for war. You could only have one or the other. I strongly agree that the government should remain absolutely neutral to its citizens, but there is one problem. The people who make the government are just regular people like you or me and the lower down you go, the more like regular citizens they act. So at the bottom of the chain, regular police officers, are most likely to have racist feelings. So once again, I feel that the government should remain neutral but the main problem is that it has so many members that it cant keep track of them all and thus, cant remain neutral as a whole. I think that the programs the government uses to try keep out racism is actually bringing more racism. Affirmative action is supposed to help races that are in the need of support due to racism. Like African American and/or Latino people. People are still racist even after all those people who tried to stop racism (like Martin Luthor King and Malcom X) died. What did they die for? For nothing? No. People are less racist due to those people but it isnt enough. Affirmative action is suppo...

Global Management and the digital Divide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Management and the digital Divide - Essay Example With the onset of globalization, companies are preferring crowdsourcing as a way to innovate and outsource. Starting from big companies such as Kraft Foods to sole proprietorships, organizations are accessing software platforms to gather ideas and labour from an unidentified group of people who can collectively finish a task. Crowdsourcing produces excellent results more quickly and at a relatively lower cost than in-house substitutes (CIO update, 2012). It is used in context of a variety of activities such as product development, advertising and promotion, and marketing research (Fuller, Hutter and Fries, 2012). A complimentary definition of crowdourcing has been given by Gupta and Sharma (2013) who explained that crowdsourcing is an amalgamation of two terms â€Å"crowd† and â€Å"outsourcing†. It is the act of outsourcing tasks, which are performed by contractor or a staff, to an undefined large group of people or crowd. A large number of separate individuals make a small contribution that helps to accomplish the large outcome (Kaganer, et al., 2013). Crowdsourcing is also associated with a certain degree of risk. Organizations face numerous intellectual property and confidentiality risks while carrying out a crowdsourced project. This is particularly because crowdsourcing draws from the common public. The statistical actuality is that a crowdsourced project simply could receive submissions that contain infringing material. In addition to the contravening risks are the augmented contractual compulsions and insurance coverage issues (Lieberstein, Tucker and Yankovsky, 2012). On the other hand there is digital divide which refers to the gap between households, individuals and businesses and geographic areas at dissimilar socio-economic stages with a view to both their chances to access information and communication technologies (ICTs) and their use of the Internet for a broad assortment of activities (Tavani, 2003). The following sections will in volve an in depth explanation of how crowd sourcing works. In addition to that, issues such as digital inclusion, globalisation implications, employment issues, the scope for innovation and entrepreneurial activity and the ability to access finance will be discussed. A brief discussion will also be presented regarding a crowd sourcing project that can be developed followed by a synopsis of the overall finding. 2. Concept of crowdsourcing The concept of crowdsourcing is based on the idea of dividing certain tedious tasks among a large number of individuals or obtaining other services such as getting solutions to different queries or issues through crowd-voting or fundraising by making petition to a large number of people for financial contribution. In the modern business world, the process of globalization is facilitating the process of crowdsourcing (Gassmann, Daiber and Enkel, 2011). Since with globalization, existing gaps between companies or communities are reducing virtually, ga ining the attention of a large crowd is gradually becoming more feasible, than it was five decades ago. Rapid advancement of technology is responsible for such developments. It leads to invention of better methods of communication and makes process of knowledge transfer faster. This leads to faster business development (Zupic, 2013). The most remarkable benefit of outsourcing is that it allows the

Focus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Focus - Essay Example As a result, there was mass migration as they sought settlement to countries that they could live, achieve and participate as equal citizens. America offered such opportunities welcoming all immigrants owing to its developing industrial capabilities. There was a surge of Jewish immigrants from in mid-nineteenth century following a new era of violence and anti-Jewish sentiments in most regions of Europe. The interactions between Americans and immigrants was characterised by inclusion and assimilation where the immigrants adopted a new culture in order to fit into the new country (Klinger n.d).This was guaranteed by the American legal system, which acknowledged that all men were created equal and as such, they deserved equal opportunities in America. This is as opposed to the European version that described Jews by appearance, cultural, social and religious positions. Moreover, legal impositions in Europe by the majority Christian population were vastly strict against the Jews. However , the tranquillity that existed ceased in its roots as a court case legally established that the separation and discrimination were synonymous. This established ground for open discrimination against fellow Americans based on the colour of their skin as opposed to what they can do. In other words, the court assertion made discrimination legal thus legalising bigotry. This marks the beginning of racism and discrimination against Jew living in America (Foner, 2012). Arthur Miller’s novel is set in New York as the Second World War ends to be a direct confrontation to American anti-Semitism. The book focuses on Lawrence Newman, an American of English descent, and the personnel manager in large company who quits his job citing mistreatment. This owes to his resemblance to Jews after acquiring glasses, a sentiment shared by his mother. He shares prejudices of his neighbours who seem determined to confront a Jewish candy storeowner until he is on the receiving end of similar prejudi ces. Miller highlights discriminatory acts against Jews living in America in his time, which involves hiring procedures, residential places, political participation among others. Jews were denied employment opportunities in most establishments and applicants had to under vigorously screening to edge out Jewish candidates. The tactics used in denying such opportunities include exclusion, tokenism and quota system especially private industries with executive and management levels (Glock, 1979).As such, the Jews had difficulty in obtaining or maintaining positions in places of employment. This is echoed in Focus as Miller, describes how Newman has difficulty in landing a new job following his resemblance to Jews. Ironically, when he gets one, he is employed in a Jewish establishment that seems to embrace all. Similarly, the public generated negative sentiments towards the presence of Jewish residents within their neighbourhood. As such, extreme groups such as the Christian Front sought to engage violently their Jewish neighbours in a bid to scare them off the neighbourhood. The negative attitude towards Jews left no room for tolerance, which saw residents attached for their religious beliefs. This is no different in Miller’s book when alliances are forged against Jews ‘elements’ in the Focus neighbourhood. Jews were also not admitted in social clubs such as country clubs among other public places on a regular basis. This can be attributed to the social status of the members who were accorded respect depending on the company

The Formation Of The US Constitution or The Shaded US Constitution Research Paper

The Formation Of The US Constitution or The Shaded US Constitution - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that another aspect of the argument of the federalists was to ensure that citizens were given equal rights and good protection. This was to ensure that the ordinary citizen could have a universal and inalienable right to information and access to challenging public institutions. This was the only way to ensure that citizens could play a role in safeguarding the running of the state. The US Constitution was borne out of the Article of Confederacy. This involved a series of ideal standards on how to run the newly-independent country which sought to protect the civil liberties and rights of citizens and avoid discrimination and other forms of challenges that were experienced under British Rule. Therefore, the architects of the constitution sought to promote the Bill of Rights which was to maintain the fundamental rights of citizens in the United States. In addition to that, the federalists maintained a set of arguments that promoted the institution of a two-tiered g overnment system that will ensure that the states maintained their sovereignty and also ceded part of it to the federal authority. This was also to be achieved through the institution of the Separation of Power.The Federalists argued for the two-tiered system as a means of protecting human rights through the institution of more checks and balances to ensure that the rights of citizens were protected. This is to avoid the mistakes of Britain and also eliminate anarchy by promoting transparency and inclusion by ordinary citizens of the country.

Holocaust Denial Essay Example for Free

Holocaust Denial Essay David Irving has claimed that the Holocaust was a hoax and that there were no gas chambers in Auschwitz; discuss the evidence for and against this claim. One is astonished in the study of history at the recurrence of the idea that evil must be forgotten, distorted, skimmed over. The difficulty, of course, with this philosophy is that history loses its value as an incentive and example; it paints perfect men and noble nations, but it does not tell the truth. -W.E.B Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 1935. There could not be a more appropriate account to go with the debate between Holocaust deniers, and those who see it as a genuine event in history. From our mid teens we are taught about the events that occurred under Hitlers reign, the most horrific of those being the mass genocide of an estimated eleven million people, many of which Jews, during the Holocaust. It is also taught that the most famous extermination camp existed at Auschwitz, where up to 10000 people were exterminated per day. These are exactly the kind of facts that were presented to me during school, and to many others; some individuals, however, claim that this horrific event never took place. Those who claim the Holocaust did not appear as traditional history describes, believe that the current mainstream understanding of the Holocaust is the result of a deliberate Jewish conspiracy created to advance the interest of Jews at the expense of other nations. (1) A statement remarkably closely related to the anti-Semitic views of the Nazis. In the case of Holocaust deniers, it is more of a case of a lack of evidence which they use to promote their views; no conclusive evidence has been presented, with numerous Holocaust deniers admitting to have lied about so called facts. (2) The main claims which Holocaust deniers make are that the Nazis had no formal policy or plan of exterminating Jews. That Nazis did not use gas chambers to mass-murder Jews, and that the figure of between 5 and 6 million Jewish deaths is a significant exaggeration and the actual number is much lower, a few hundred thousand at most. Other claims include the notion that the documentary evidence in support of the Holocaust, photographs and the Diary of Anne Frank for example, is fabricated, that survivor testimonies are unreliable, and that the Nazi prisoners confessions were obtained through the use of torture a process which can lead to inaccurate information. (3) One example of survivor testimonies being unpredictable is an excerpt of a conversation David Irving supposedly had with a survivor: IRVING: You said you saw smoke coming from the crematoria? SURVIVOR: Absolutely IRVING: Is that correct? SURVIVOR: Correct IRVING: But crematoria do not smoke, Mrs Altman. Go and visit your local crematorium in Sydney (Evans (2002) page 142) Irving took challenging the Holocaust to the extreme, and proclaimed himself as a Hitler supporter, which may have something to do with him living, working and studying in Germany for many years. In Irvings book, Hitlers War, he states that Hitler did not order the extermination of Europes Jews: the mass killings must have been carried out by Himmler and his cohorts behind Hitlers back (4) The Institute of Historical Research (IHR) states that The Institute does not deny the Holocaust. And that there is no dispute over the fact that large numbers of Jews were deported to concentration camps and ghettos, or that many Jews died or were killed during World War II. But that the Holocaust the alleged extermination of some six million Jews (most of them by gassing) is a hoax and should be recognized as such by Christians and all informed, honest and truthful men everywhere. More than being just a pro-Nazi viewpoint, Holocaust deniers believe that the death-toll amount which is widely accepted is a falsehood in an attempt to get more compensation, and sympathy. It is believed that the interest of the Zionist movement is to augment the amount of Holocaust deaths so that their gains will be greater. (5) The Holocaust deniers maintain that the Holocaust is a myth in order to establish the possibilities which can occur when an individual or group of people try to play God. This claim may have resulted from various factors, and in many cases of a denial, a particular political agenda backs it up, along with their own personal beliefs colouring their view. To fully understand the claims of these people, both sides of the debate must be looked at. The case which acknowledges the Holocaust as it is presented has much more convincing evidence, the most notable of which being photographs, video footage and personal accounts. Where the Holocaust deniers get their supposed evidence from however, is the jigsaw in which the evidence which shows the Holocaust as the event were taught it to be is made up of. Those denying the event say that the pieces of primary sources which prove the existence of the Holocaust, are in fact fabricated in an attempt to make people think that certain events happened when thy in fact, did not. (1) There are many accounts from survivors of the Holocaust, a selection of which exists in Lyn Smiths Forgotten Voices of the Holocaust, within which mentions the implementation of the final solution. In the same note it is said that upon arrival, most were sent immediately to the gas chamber and crematorium. (6). For females in concentration camps it was an even more shocking ordeal regularly being raped, and on giving birth having their babies taken from them to be murdered. Dennis Avey, a British prisoner of war at Auschwitz gives his account: Now dreadful things were happening in Auschwitz-Birkenau during 1944. They were gassing and burning thousands of people who could not work any more because of their failing strength; I knew practically everything that was going on thereThey just put them into the gas chambers using this Zyklon B gas and then they were burned. And this happened day in and day out. (6) There are many other accounts which describe similar stories, such a vast amount of matching testimonies can not possibly be a fabrication, but that is not the only evidence which supports the events of the Holocaust and Auschwitz. There are many photographs of the gas chambers, and of mass graves. Not only is there masses of evidence recorded to verify the authenticity of the Holocaust; but it is backed up by sworn testimony from both victims and the culprits. In addition to this there is evidence which Allied soldiers discovered when they liberated the camps. There is also a host of documentary evidence; the Nazis were extremely particular about keeping records, some of which were presented as evidence to the Nuremberg Tribunal and a set of evidence from several post-war trials. As well as archaeological evidence as further proof, there are bookings by the SS for the special trains to Auschwitz and other extermination camps. Of course, the issue which arises with both of these claims, and history as a whole, is that unless someone is actually present at an event and experiencing something, they have no way of knowing exactly what went on during a given time and date. It is for these reasons which we need to rely on sources other than ourselves to understand the past, and a primary source is the most reliable place to look first. Talking with a Holocaust survivor, reading the diaries like that of a certain Anne Frank hiding from the Gestapo, and looking at pictures and videos from Nazi Germany at that time allows for the closest link possible from today to the days gone by, and rejecting these ideas as a fabrication severs the best link to the truth. Holocaust deniers will be inclined to believe what they want to be true, even if it does not match up historically. The Holocaust was a dismal time not only for the Jewish race, but also a cataclysmic event in the history of mankind. The idea that not all people are equal and those of less value need to be exterminated is a notion that should never have occurred. The evidence that we have today appears to confirm that the Jewish Genocide by the Nazi people was a real event. In addition, it is extremely difficult to reasonably doubt this event and believe that people would lie about such an ordeal. References 1. Gizon, A. (2009). Holocaust. www.projectaladin.org. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 2. Nikzor, P. (2008). David Irving. www.nizkor.org. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 3. Lipstadt, D. (2009). Denying the Holocaust. www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 4. Irving, D. (1991). Hitlers War. London: Focal Point Publications. 5. Austin, B. (2004). Holocaust Denial. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. [Last accessed 23 June 2010] 6. Smith, L. (2005). Forgotten Voices of the Holocaust. London: Ebury Press. P.156/210

Research Study: Use of Jargon in Dental Students

Research Study: Use of Jargon in Dental Students ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE ‘THE ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF JARGONS IN CASE HISTORY TAKING: A CROSS SECTIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE BASED STUDY AMONG CLINICAL DENTAL STUDENTS AND FACULTY MEMBERS OF DENTAL COLLEGES IN ERNAKULAM AND IDUKKI DISTRICTS, KERALA, INDIA’ ABSTRACT Background: The use of jargons has become very common in health care field, especially in medical/dental records. Although use of standard medical jargons, can be seen as professional, efficient shorthand, the lack of awareness regarding the standard medical abbreviations and incessant and overzealous use of slangs among the health care professionals can act as a barrier in effective communication and understanding among patients and peers. Objective: To assess the acceptance and use of jargons in case history taking among clinical dental students and dental teaching faculty members of dental colleges in Ernakulam and Idukki districts of Kerala. Methodology:  A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey containing 15 questions to assess the objective of the study was done. The study was conducted among clinical dental undergraduate students, house surgeons, post graduate students and teaching faculty members of five dental colleges in Ernakulam and Idukki districts, Kerala. Results were expressed as a number and percentage of response for each question and Chi-square test was performed for inferential statistical analysis. Results:  All the 549 respondents used jargons in case history taking. About 22.4% of the respondents admitted that they always used jargons and 55.8 % admitted of using jargons only when there was a lack of time. Majority of the respondents (71.4%) learnt the jargons from their colleagues. About 50% of respondents admitted of using jargons in history section and about 32% of the respondents in all sections of case history taking. About 74% were of the opinion that abbreviations should be permitted in case history taking. Conclusion: This study points out that there is a widespread use of jargons/abbreviations in case history taking among the respondents. There is a lack of knowledge regarding standard medical abbreviations. Although majority of the respondents are comfortable with the use of jargons, majority of the postgraduates and faculty feel the use of jargons should be stopped. Keywords: Jargon, abbreviations, case history, dental students INTRODUCTION Jargon is defined as the language, esp. thevocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group; medical jargon, plumbers jargon All professions use this linguistic shorthand that serves as a means of communication among members but effectively excludes all others(1). It is very useful in a community sharing a common interest as it removes much information redundancy.At the same time, it represents a barrier to those unfamiliar with it.(2) Communication failures created by jargon are especially plentiful and pernicious in healthcare. Medical/dental records consist of information kept by doctors, health care centres, community health clinics or local hospitals detailing what the doctors or other bodies know about the medical condition and history of patients.(3) They consist of case history, details about medical/dental examinations, treatment planning, treatments done, medications prescribed etc. Like every profession, the use of jargons has become very common in health care field as well, especially in medical/dental records. Although use of standard medical jargons, in its most positive light, can be seen as professional, efficient shorthand, the lack of awareness regarding the standard medical abbreviations and incessant and overzealous use of slangs, mistaking them for jargons, among the health care professions can act as barriers in effective communication and understanding among patients and peers. Moreover, communication barriers often go undetected in health care settings and can have serious effects on the health and safety of patients (4). Hence, this study was conducted with an objective of assessing the acceptance and use of jargons in case history taking among clinical dental students and dental teaching faculty members of dental colleges in Ernakulam and Idukki districts, in Kerala. METHODOLOGY The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire based survey. The target population was the dental students with clinical exposure (third year and final year BDS), house surgeons, post graduate students and the teaching faculty members of five dental colleges in Ernakulam and Idukki districts of Kerala. A prefabricated validity tested questionnaire that was administered to the target population.The questionnaire was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of questions on personal and professional data including age, gender and designation. The second part contained 15 questions on the acceptance and use of jargons in dental case history taking.Two of the 15 questions were open ended. Informed consent was obtained from the respondents. The questionnaires were distributed by the faculty members of Department of Public Health Dentistry and house surgeons posted in the department. The respondents were asked to answer and return the questionnaire immediately. All returned questionnaires were coded and analysed. Results were expressed as number and percentage of response for each question and were analysed using the SPSS Version 17 software. Chi-square test was performed to compare the response in relation to gender and designation and the level of significance was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS Respondent’s profile Among a total of 549 respondents, 24.4% (n=134) were males. About 46.3% (n=254) were undergraduate students, 25.9% (n=142) were house surgeons, 11.3% (n=62) were students pursuing post-graduation and the rest 16.6% (n=91) were teaching faculty members. The profile of respondents is given in table 1. Acceptance and use of jargons among respondents The response to questions asked regarding the acceptance and use of jargons in dental case history taking are outlined in Table 2. All the respondents used jargons in case history taking. About 22.4% of the respondents admitted that they always used jargons and 55.8 % admitted of using jargons only when there was a lack of time. About 62.6% used abbreviations as it saved time and about 49.2% used it as it was easy. Majority of the respondents (71.4%) learnt the jargons from their colleagues and 38.25% admitted of having learnt them from their teachers. About half the number of respondents used jargons in history section and about 21%, in clinical examination. However, about 32% of the respondents used abbreviations in all sections of case history taking (personal information, history, clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment). Although, only one half of the respondents opined that they were aware of the standard medical abbreviations, about 65% claimed that they used standard abbreviations only. About 60% of the respondents admitted that they were comfortable with case history with abbreviations and only 10.4% had a discomfort in using abbreviations whilst recording case history. More than half the number of respondents felt a difficulty in understanding abbreviations written by others. However a vast majority of the respondents (74%) were of the opinion that abbreviations should be permitted in case history taking. The jargons used by the respondents are given in Table 3 DISCUSSION Clearly, the world has become â€Å"smaller† due to the use of information and communications technologies.Effective communication requires the parties involved sharing a clear understanding of the various definitions and parameters about which information (and data) are being exchanged in other words, are we talking about the same thing? Here, language and, in particular, jargon, plays a key role. Even assuming that all parties have a reasonable command of a common language – for example, International English – the same words may have significantly different meanings to people from different parts of the world.Jargon is an abbreviated form of language that encapsulates tacit knowledge.(2) As medical students, house surgeons, and residents, we pick it up from our peers and from attending physicians who should know better. We hear it at lectures and conferences. We read it in journals and textbooks. Eventually, we become inured to it, and we no longer recognize how ugly it is and how often it impairs effective communication.(5) Medical jargon is often justified on the grounds that it constitutes a kind of medical shorthand, allowing more efficient communication when time is short. These examplesillustrate that jargon is often less informative.(5) Although studies assessing the impact of jargons used by health care providers on the patients have been reported in the literature, not even a single study was found in the available electronic literature that assessed the impact of use of jargons among the health care personnel. As stated above, with the world becoming much smaller and with great developments in the field of communication, there needs to be uniformity in recording and reporting of medical data. Although, there exists a definite set of standard medical jargons, there is a serious lack of awareness regarding the same and there is a prolific use of abbreviations in case history taking, mistaking them for standard medical jargons. This often can result in a lack of effective communications among the colleagues and patients. With case history deserving a great importance as a medical record presently, uniformity needs to exist in documentation of medical records. Hence this study was conducted to assess the use of medic al jargons among dentists and their impact on the peers. A very significant observation in this study was all the 549 respondents of the study used jargons in their case history taking. Moreover, only 56% of the respondents admitted to using jargons only when there was a lack of time. This habit is significantly greater in students compared to house surgeons and faculty. This highlights the fact that use of jargons/shorthand has become an integral component of writing for a significant proportion of the population. The growing and overzealous use of short messaging service and social media may have a significant role to play in this regard. This has in fact become a current topic of concern. Various researches conducted in this regard (6-8) indicate the influence of texting on English language. Although the results are debatable, there is a clear preference for the present generation to use abbreviations over full forms everywhere. Thus the observation that about half the number of respondents use jargons as they find it easy. Over 70% adm it learning these jargons from their colleagues which is again matter of concern. Yet another important observation is that about 65% of the respondents believe that they use standard medical jargons only. However, in reality, as per this study, vast majority of the jargons used are not standard jargons. Moreover, an institution-wise comparison of the jargons used by the respondents, reveals that there a definite variation among the institutions in the same geographical area. Even more important is the fact that there were abbreviations, the use of which was restricted to a single institution, which the respondents in the neighbouring institutions were unaware of, clearly ascertaining the fact that these abbreviations are created according to one’s convenience. This accounts for the lack of uniformity in the jargons used, as reported. Ironically, only c/o, h/o and w.r.t among the abbreviations reportedly being used by the respondents can be described as standard medical jargo ns (9). It is a noteworthy point that, over 60% of the respondents use jargons in recording patient’s personal information and history section. Guidelines in case history taking indicate that that these sections demand the use of a language which the patient can comprehend. (10) With case history record serving as important legal evidence in medico-legal cases, uniformity needs to be strictly maintained in its recording. Furthermore, in spite of about 55% reporting a difficulty in understanding the abbreviations used by their colleagues/students, a response which is significantly greater among faculty members. About 60% feel they are comfortable regarding case history with abbreviations. This is significantly higher among undergraduate students. However, majority of the post graduate students and faculty members opined that they were comfortable with case history without abbreviations. Although about 50% of the respondents claim that they are aware of the standard medical abbreviations, it was found to be false. This indicates that there is lack of adequate knowledge regarding the same. Most importantly, with about 85% opining that there is no need to stop the use of abbreviations, there is a clear reflection of the attitude of the respondents towards the same. A statistically significant difference in this regard between students and faculty members reveal that faculty members opined regarding the s top of use of abbreviations. This study thus throws a light on an issue which demands a serious action. Furthermore this study warns us that this practice is leading to damage to the use and purpose of medical recordkeeping, which can have a serious impact in the long run. Recommendations With lack of awareness being one of the most common reason for this observation, efforts to improve the awareness by incorporating the same in the curriculum can be recommended. The faculty members have a major role of play in this regard by ensuring that the students record the case history without abbreviations/jargons. CONCLUSION This study points out that there is a widespread use of jargons/abbreviations in case history taking among the clinical dental undergraduate students, house surgeons, post graduate students and faculty members in dental colleges in Ernakulam and Idukki districts. There is a lack of knowledge regarding standard medical abbreviations. Although majority of the respondents are comfortable with the use of jargons, majority of the postgraduates and faculty feel the use of jargons should be stopped. REFERENCES Fenske RE. The Use of Jargon in Medical School Libraries. Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. 1986;74(1):12-15. Baldi S, Gelbstein E. Jargon, protocols and uniforms as barriers to effective communication. Intercultural Communication and Diplomacy 225-40, assessed online on 25-01-2015. McQuoid-Mason D, Pillemer B, Friedman C, Dada M. Medical records, reports and evidence in court. Crimes against women and children – a medicolegal guide. 2002. Published by Independent medicolegan unit, University of Natal, accessed online on 28-01-15. Graham S, Brookey J. Do patients understand? The Permanente Journal 2008;12(3):67-9. Ronal PM. A bad case of medical jargon. Pitfalls in medical writing. American Journal of Roentegenology 1993;161:592. Aziz S, Shamim M, Aziz MF, Avais P.The Impact of Texting/SMS Language on Academic Writing of Students- What do we need to panic about? Elixir Ling. Trans. 2013;55:12884-12890 Mahmoud SS. The Effect of Using English SMS on KAU Foundation Year Students’ Speaking and Writing Performance. American International Journal of Social Science 2013;2(2):13-22. Ochonogor WC, Alakpodia NO, Achugbue IE.The Impact of Text Message Slang (Tms) or Chartroom Slang on Students Academic Performance. International Journal of Internet of Things 2012;1(2):1-4. Common medical jargons. Assessed online stedmansonline.com/webFiles/Dict-Stedmans28/APP06.pdf on 23/01/15. Ghom AG. Textbook of Oral Medicine. 2014, third edition, Jaypee brothers Publishing. Case Study: Nestle Case Study: Nestle Case Study Report – Nestle Introduction: The case study on the multinational company – Nestle, which happens to be a FMCG global giant reveals the strategies and the well designed plans of the company wherein it tries to shift its image from a food company to that of a nutrition health and welfare company. The moto of the company which has been that of good food, good life is further extended where the company looks forward to enter the arena of health and nutrition products that will encompass products such as infant food, diet food and also that of healthcare products. In the process we see that the company in its process of diversification of its products have also at times failed to achieve its targets. However the general structure of the company happens to be large enough to help the company maintain its position as the leading healthcare company in world with some of the most noted and successful brands. Main Discussion: The case study reveals the well calculated plans of he company Nestle where it had made conscious efforts which would change its very image in the market. It has been reflected through the case study that the then ongoing image where Nestle happened to be a leading brand worldwide in the field of food products looked forward to enter the field of the healthcare food products and also dominate the market in the coming span of time. Hence Nestle soon embarked upon a marketing strategy through it could extensively change its image and develop an image of a nutrition, health and welfare fostering company through the tool of its products. Hence quite clearly Nestle set forward to ake up various measures to effect the same. In the process Nestle did and tried a number of different tactuc to achiev the same. It changed the composition of its products by eliminating excess of sugar and salts and fats and by incorporating more healthier nutrients in its products. Once again we also see that N estle embarked upon a method or business pattern of a large number of acquisitions. Through these acquisitions Nestle tried to buy over certain reputed names of the healthcare product industry and enter the arena on a global scale. It made some of very huge investments in the process of these mergers and acquisitions. In this context one point that can be mentioned which could have been a pressing concern for the company especially during the years that immediately preceded the financial crisis era. The case study reveals that in the year 2005 Nestle did make a drive for the market of the healthcare products nutrition food, which was when the company had to make some huge investments. However as even mentioned by the experts the company could not expect any immediate returns or profits from these investments. In fact the company had to struggle considerably to push the volume of its sales and face a stiff competition from the already existing big layers of the said industry. Another point that happens to be an addition to the mentioned point is that in the effort of being a world player in the NHW segment the company did make huge and well diversified investments. This also could have posed a challenge to the company especially during the recession period. In fact we also see that as mentioned by the then CEO Bulcke, maintaining the company position in those challenging times happened to be quite critical. In those time we see that the company had taken a strategy that tried to maintain its market index and also increase the sales and business volume as far as possible. In fact we do see that in the strive of being a world renowned NHW segment company and of changing the brand image of the company, the management of the company had invested heavily on various measures of entering the industry of NHW and of fortifying the market position of the company in the said industry segment. In comparison to the same not as an aggressive stand was taken by the comp any in boosting its sales vigor and of taking an equally dynamic marketing endeavors. As result we see that the company even failed to achieve its said initial targets which it had set for itself when it entered the NHW sector. Once again we also see that the company at least to some extent did digress away from its path of being a NHW company, when it also bought over some fast food chain. This is company said was a calculated measure since it could not do away with the strategy of being a diversified company. However the company did induce certain health measures in to the fast food items and did incorporate some healthy items into the menu preparations. It can be said that the mission of the company happened to be of providing its customers with a good taste and a healthy life style through its products. To implement the same to an excelled level and to make mark in the market in the longer run the company did embark upon this journey of entering the health and nutrition products. In doing so we see that the company was faced with a serial of advantages that arose from its strengths and also disadvantages that arose from its weaknesses. In the following part of the discussion we take a look at both of the considerations: Strengths: The company that is Nestle happens to be a big name which ensures that the brand already has an acknowledgment in the market and the consumers or the retailers does not need to be briefed regarding the profile of the company. This facet was a particular strength of the company that enabled certain percentage of market penetration. The company had enough capital power which could enable the company to indulge into strategies of acquisition and of elaborate RD endeavors. Nestle was already into the food industry, which gave it considerable leverage. Weaknesses: The company went into a very elaborate process and method of acquisition and mergers which definitely ate into a considerable amount of the financial resources of the company. This could have posed a challenge during the financial crunch period. Nestle in its strive to be a world leader in the arena of the NHW sector did not put enough stress on the marketing part, which led to loos of target achievement. It did pose a contradictory figure when the brand bought over fast food item chains. It helped its critics criticize its image as a NHW company. Conclusion: Quite surely the strategy of Nestle to enter the NHW sector was a well tailored plan that will yield high returns in the future, nevertheless a more profit oriented endeavor could have helped the company overcome its revenue issues that did surface during its transition phase. Recommendation: It could be recommended to the company that the brand instead of trying various products in the NHW field could single out a more streamlined array of products in which the company will try concentrate during its initial period of entering the NHW industry or market segment. This would also help the company streamline its marketing procedure and the company can adopt more aggressive marketing endeavors that will help the company achieve better sales volumes. With time these returns could again be profitably used in the RD endeavors that will help the company come up with better and improved brands and also at the same point establish itself as a global ,market leader.